سیاست‌های سبک زندگی و گذر به الگوهای نوین مشارکت‌های سیاسی غیرنهادی (مورد مطالعه: سازمان VELT بلژیک)

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده ارتباطات و رسانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد تهران مرکز، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه‌شناسی سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: جنبش‌های سبک زندگی به‌عنوان فعالیت‌هایی اجتماعی- سیاسی مطرح شده‌اند که از طریق تغییر رفتارهای فردی، به‌دنبال تغییرات عمیق‌تر در جامعه هستند. این مطالعه به این پرسش می‌پردازد که چرا برخی از فعالان سبک زندگی تنها در حد مشارکت غیرنهادی باقی می‌مانند، در حالی‌که برخی دیگر وارد فضای مشارکت نهادی می‌شوند. برای پاسخ به این سؤال، چارچوبی تحلیلی با تلفیق نظریه‌های جنبش‌های سبک زندگی، مصرف‌گرایی سیاسی و ساختار فرصت‌های سیاسی توسعه داده شد و در قالب یک مطالعه موردی ثانویه روی انجمن زندگی و باغبانی اکولوژیک (VELT) در بلژیک آزموده شد.
 
روش و دادهها: این پژوهش با استفاده از روش اسنادی و تحلیل متون علمی و سیاستی انجام شده است. علاوه براین، از نتایج و داده‌هایی که طی سال‌های 2010–2023 در بلژیک گردآوری شدند، استفاده می‌کند.
 
یافتهها: یافته‌‌‌ها نشان دادند که اعضای این انجمن دو مسیر مشارکتی- غیررسمی (باغبانی ارگانیک، مصرف اخلاقی) و رسمی (همکاری با شوراهای شهری)- را دنبال می‌کنند. گذار از مسیر اول به دوم زمانی رخ می‌دهد که سه شرط شامل وجود نهادهای پذیرنده، کانال‌های قانونی مشارکت و هم‌ترازی با گفتمان‌های سیاستی فراهم باشد.
 
بحث و نتیجهگیری: سیاست سبک زندگی می‌تواند هم بدیلی برای مشارکت نهادی و هم مکملی برای آن باشد و از این طریق، دموکراسی را در سطح محلی و روزمره گسترش دهد. در جوامعی که ساختار فرصت‌های سیاسی بستر را برای مشارکت‌های سیاسی- اجتماعی فراهم نموده باشند، انجمن‌ها و جنبش‌های سیاسی- اجتماعی در این بستر، کنشگری نموده و متناسب با مسائل، اقدامات لازم را سازماندهی می‌کنند. در نتیجه، مشارکت شهروندان مبتنی بر سیاست‌های سبک زندگی تسهیل می‌گردد.
 
پیام اصلی: سیاست‌های سبک زندگی ظرفیت لازم برای تبدیل مشارکت فردی به مشارکت نهادی را دارند، اما این گذار تحت تأثیر شرایط ساختاری سیاسی و اجتماعی قرار دارد. این مطالعه از طریق ارائه چارچوبی تحلیلی و بررسی موردی، نشان می‌دهد که چگونه این جنبش‌ها می‌توانند در توسعه دموکراسی محلی و مقابله با چالش‌های سیاسی و زیست‌محیطی نقش مؤثری ایفا کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Lifestyle Politics and the Transition to New Patterns of Non-institutional Political Participation (Case Study: VELT Organization, Belgium)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghorbanali Saboktakin Rizi 1
  • Zahra Hazrati Somaeh 2
  • Mohammad Reza Hayati Mehr 3
1 Associate Professor of Sociology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Sociology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD Candidate, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: Lifestyle movements have emerged as socio-political activities that seek deeper societal change through altering individual behaviours. This study addresses why some lifestyle activists remain at the level of non-institutional participation, while others move toward institutional engagement. To answer this question, an analytical framework was developed by integrating theories of lifestyle movements, political consumerism, and political opportunity structure (POS), and was tested through a secondary case study of the Association for Ecological Life and Gardening (VELT) in Belgium.

Data and Method: This research employed a documentary method and qualitative analysis of scientific and policy texts. It also draws upon results and data collected in Belgium between 2010 and 2023.

Findings: The findings showed that members of this association follow two participatory paths: informal (organic gardening, ethical consumption) and formal (collaboration with city councils). The transition from the first to the second path occurs when three conditions are met: the presence of receptive institutions, legal channels for participation, and alignment with policy discourses.

Conclusion: Lifestyle politics can be both an alternative to and a complement for institutional participation, thereby expanding democracy at the local and everyday levels. In societies where the political-social structure provides a foundation for political-social participation, political-social associations and movements act upon this, organizing actions according to issues, and under these conditions, citizen participation based on policies is facilitated.

Key Message: Lifestyle politics has the potential to transform individual engagement into institutional participation; however, this transition is contingent upon structural political and social conditions. By providing an analytical framework and an empirical case study, this research demonstrates how lifestyle movements can effectively foster local democracy and address environmental challenges. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lifestyle politics
  • Political participation
  • Political opportunity structure
  • Political consumerism
  • VELT organization
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